Ramjet is a really great idea that it has no moving parts to have problems with.
(Pulsejet is another similar great idea.)
The problem with ramjet is that it does not work efficiently in low aircraft speeds.
Normal jet engines work efficiently in low speeds, but why?
What is the difference?
I think it must be because normal jet engines create a vortex when they run.
A vortex like the vortex of a tornado.
So how a ramjet could create a vortex?
What if there is a (non-moving) helicoid in the middle (fire chamber) of the ramjet.
It would force the movement of gas into a vortex motion.
If the helicoid designed with more and more turns, it would increase the speed of gas going thru the vortex motion.
I think that means then the ramjet engine could work at lower and lower aircraft speeds.
(Until at some point it would be possible to start the ramjet while aircraft is not moving on the ground.
In the front of the ramjet there maybe an airpump to start it if necessary.
Also there maybe many little gas fuel (LPG/LNG?) outlets around the fire chamber, inside the engine,
located like equal distant points on a helix
to start/help continue the vortex motion.
I think this ideas could also help improve the pulsejet engines.
20170129
20170115
Simple Derivation Of Special Relativity
Once I had read somewhere that Einstein claimed speed of all objects in the Universe, when measured in 4 dimensions, always equal to c (speed of light)!
(The object can be anything from subatomic particles to stars.)
(This also implies if the speed of an object in space increases toward c then its speed in time must decrease toward 0 and vice versa.)
It seemed farfetched at first but then I realized if assumed to be true it leads back to Special Relativity (SR).
Meaning it is a direct consequence of SR and if SR is accepted to be true then so it must accepted to be true also.
Let's start with assuming it to be true:
(Vx^2+Vy^2+Vz^2+Vt^2)^(1/2)=c {4D speed equal to c}
Let's reduce 4 dimensions to 1 space and 1 time dimensions:
(Vxyz^2+Vt^2)^(1/2)=c
Or just:
(Vx^2+Vt^2)^(1/2)=c {Vx: speed in space; Vt: speed in time}
then:
Vt=(c^2-Vx^2)^(1/2) {and also Vx=(c^2-Vt^2)^(1/2)}
Since Vt:0 to c (also Vx:0 to c as a consequence of above)
then Vt/c:0 to 1
and if deltaT'=alpha*deltaT
where deltaT':traveler time and deltaT:observer time
then
alpha=Vt/c=(c^2-Vx^2)^(1/2)/c
If alpha is squared, simplified, square-rooted:
(c^2-Vx^2)/c^2 -> 1-Vx^2/c^2 -> (1-Vx^2/c^2)^(1/2)
Continuing from above:
deltaT=deltaT'/alpha=(1/alpha)*deltaT'
if gamma=1/alpha=1/(1-Vx^2/c^2)^(1/2)
which is Lorentz Factor of Special Relativity!
(Also notice that the equations of space and time are the same meaning time is a dimension similar to dimensions of space.)
(The object can be anything from subatomic particles to stars.)
(This also implies if the speed of an object in space increases toward c then its speed in time must decrease toward 0 and vice versa.)
It seemed farfetched at first but then I realized if assumed to be true it leads back to Special Relativity (SR).
Meaning it is a direct consequence of SR and if SR is accepted to be true then so it must accepted to be true also.
Let's start with assuming it to be true:
(Vx^2+Vy^2+Vz^2+Vt^2)^(1/2)=c {4D speed equal to c}
Let's reduce 4 dimensions to 1 space and 1 time dimensions:
(Vxyz^2+Vt^2)^(1/2)=c
Or just:
(Vx^2+Vt^2)^(1/2)=c {Vx: speed in space; Vt: speed in time}
then:
Vt=(c^2-Vx^2)^(1/2) {and also Vx=(c^2-Vt^2)^(1/2)}
Since Vt:0 to c (also Vx:0 to c as a consequence of above)
then Vt/c:0 to 1
and if deltaT'=alpha*deltaT
where deltaT':traveler time and deltaT:observer time
then
alpha=Vt/c=(c^2-Vx^2)^(1/2)/c
If alpha is squared, simplified, square-rooted:
(c^2-Vx^2)/c^2 -> 1-Vx^2/c^2 -> (1-Vx^2/c^2)^(1/2)
Continuing from above:
deltaT=deltaT'/alpha=(1/alpha)*deltaT'
if gamma=1/alpha=1/(1-Vx^2/c^2)^(1/2)
which is Lorentz Factor of Special Relativity!
(Also notice that the equations of space and time are the same meaning time is a dimension similar to dimensions of space.)
20170111
Virtual Machine Based Secure Operating System
Needless to say computer viruses, malware, hacker intrusions are really big problems today.
I believe the main cause of this is most computer software (including Operating Systems themselves)
are written using unsecure programming languages, C/C++ and alike.
C programming language was created to write an Operating System (OS) back in the 70s.
It is a minimalist language provides a deep level of control over a computer system hardware, close to Assembly language(s).
It allows creating software that has minimal size and maximal speed.
But it comes with a big trade-off which is minimal security.
All large computer software contain bugs (which are mistakes made by programmers).
The problem with unsecure programming languages is that any bug (big/small) anywhere in a software allows a malware/hacker/virus to take full control of a computer system (like modify/delete any files/settings etc).
The simple solution would be re-write/replace all computer software written in unsecure languages.
But this could easily take decades.
A more practical solution would be to modify popular computer operating systems to be resistant against software bugs.
One existing solution used today is called Sandboxing in which OS runs each application software in isolated way from others.
(Which obviously does not solve the problem completely.)
A better solution:
Imagine a computer OS which is also a VM (or OS and VM working closely together always).
Let's call it VMOS.
So only software that actually executes using physical processor(s) is VMOS
and all other software applications executed by VMOS (so they never have direct access to the processor(s)).
That means in this computer system no software can do anything w/o going thru the VMOS.
And imagine that if the VMOS has a set of security rules that it checks whenever appropriate
then there would be no way for any software to circumvent those security rules.
(And no software could ever access those security rules and modify/delete them either since
they have to go thru the VMOS and it would not allow it.)
Those security rules would be rules like:
No software can modify any OS files (including its security rules).
No software can modify any executable file (especially if it is not a part of that same software package).
(More security rules can be added as needed in the future.)
Also it should be easy to see whenever a bug causes a software (application) to crash it would be easily contained by the VMOS w/o allowing anyone to take control of the computer system.
(Because remember all software is actually run by the VMOS so they can easily be stopped by the VMOS also.)
I believe the main cause of this is most computer software (including Operating Systems themselves)
are written using unsecure programming languages, C/C++ and alike.
C programming language was created to write an Operating System (OS) back in the 70s.
It is a minimalist language provides a deep level of control over a computer system hardware, close to Assembly language(s).
It allows creating software that has minimal size and maximal speed.
But it comes with a big trade-off which is minimal security.
All large computer software contain bugs (which are mistakes made by programmers).
The problem with unsecure programming languages is that any bug (big/small) anywhere in a software allows a malware/hacker/virus to take full control of a computer system (like modify/delete any files/settings etc).
The simple solution would be re-write/replace all computer software written in unsecure languages.
But this could easily take decades.
A more practical solution would be to modify popular computer operating systems to be resistant against software bugs.
One existing solution used today is called Sandboxing in which OS runs each application software in isolated way from others.
(Which obviously does not solve the problem completely.)
A better solution:
Imagine a computer OS which is also a VM (or OS and VM working closely together always).
Let's call it VMOS.
So only software that actually executes using physical processor(s) is VMOS
and all other software applications executed by VMOS (so they never have direct access to the processor(s)).
That means in this computer system no software can do anything w/o going thru the VMOS.
And imagine that if the VMOS has a set of security rules that it checks whenever appropriate
then there would be no way for any software to circumvent those security rules.
(And no software could ever access those security rules and modify/delete them either since
they have to go thru the VMOS and it would not allow it.)
Those security rules would be rules like:
No software can modify any OS files (including its security rules).
No software can modify any executable file (especially if it is not a part of that same software package).
(More security rules can be added as needed in the future.)
Also it should be easy to see whenever a bug causes a software (application) to crash it would be easily contained by the VMOS w/o allowing anyone to take control of the computer system.
(Because remember all software is actually run by the VMOS so they can easily be stopped by the VMOS also.)
20170108
Geoengineering Mars
I don't believe simply sending any kind of (micro)organisms would succeed in turning Mars to a livable planet similar to Earth.
Truly and realistically it requires much more.
We need to have the necessary technologies first and even then it could take hundreds of years.
First needed tech is a small (nuclear) power generator that can produce a lot of power.
Something almost like the fictional Arc Reactor in Iron Man/Marvel movies.
(Of course if cheap enough that kind of power generator would allow a lot more for humanity like turning all deserts to farmland
(because it would allow producing a lot of drinkable water from seas/oceans and cheaply pumping it anywhere with pipelines),
or it could be used to produce a lot of really cheap titanium, aluminum, carbon-fiber etc and make all kinds vehicles, buildings, even roads from them.)
Second needed tech is a pure electric drive for space probes, satellites, vehicles.
It must not be using any kind of fuel.
I think this maybe possible by creating giant dynamic electric/magnetic fields around the space vehicles.
Because space is always filled with charged particles, ions flying around.
If a space vehicle can create giant electric/magnetic fields and apply their force(s) to the charged particles/ions flying around
then it should get a counter force applied on the vehicle itself.
(So for example if the charged particles/ions are pushed towards to the rear of the vehicle that would create a force pushing the vehicle forward.)
(This kind of space drive should also reduce radiation damage on space vehicles.)
(The field would probably need to be dynamic. Imagine how propeller of a ship/plane works, or arms of a swimmer, or even motions of a snake etc.)
Now assume we have these two technologies (in the future).
Assume we first created thousands(?) of probes and sent them everywhere in the solar system.
So that we can track all planets, moons, large asteroids, comets in the solar system in real time.
Imagine we also created a computer simulation of the whole solar system by using the tracking data we have.
That would allow us to predict both short and long term changes in the solar system.
We could see what would happen if we changed the orbit of a large asteroid/comet and made it collide with Mars.
Imagine we started choosing larger and larger asteroids/comets and sent lots of probes to them.
Those probes later attached themselves to their target objects and started slowly changing their orbits
so that eventually each would enter into a collision course with Mars.
If we could do that then overtime we could increase mass of Mars and maybe even bring it closer to sun.
(Comets would also provide lots of water for Mars.)
(I think it should be possible to simulate today, one by one changing orbits of asteroids/comets and colliding them with Mars
and watch how it would effect the stability of solar system in short/long term.)
Not just for Mars, but for all kinds of human space exploration activities there is still one more critical tech needed.
A true oxygen generator.
Keep carrying tons of water or other chemicals to space just to generate oxygen for people cannot be practical for long term.
There is a huge need for a device that can filter CO2 from air, separate it into oxygen and carbon, release back oxygen to the air
and by using only electricity, nothing else.
Truly and realistically it requires much more.
We need to have the necessary technologies first and even then it could take hundreds of years.
First needed tech is a small (nuclear) power generator that can produce a lot of power.
Something almost like the fictional Arc Reactor in Iron Man/Marvel movies.
(Of course if cheap enough that kind of power generator would allow a lot more for humanity like turning all deserts to farmland
(because it would allow producing a lot of drinkable water from seas/oceans and cheaply pumping it anywhere with pipelines),
or it could be used to produce a lot of really cheap titanium, aluminum, carbon-fiber etc and make all kinds vehicles, buildings, even roads from them.)
Second needed tech is a pure electric drive for space probes, satellites, vehicles.
It must not be using any kind of fuel.
I think this maybe possible by creating giant dynamic electric/magnetic fields around the space vehicles.
Because space is always filled with charged particles, ions flying around.
If a space vehicle can create giant electric/magnetic fields and apply their force(s) to the charged particles/ions flying around
then it should get a counter force applied on the vehicle itself.
(So for example if the charged particles/ions are pushed towards to the rear of the vehicle that would create a force pushing the vehicle forward.)
(This kind of space drive should also reduce radiation damage on space vehicles.)
(The field would probably need to be dynamic. Imagine how propeller of a ship/plane works, or arms of a swimmer, or even motions of a snake etc.)
Now assume we have these two technologies (in the future).
Assume we first created thousands(?) of probes and sent them everywhere in the solar system.
So that we can track all planets, moons, large asteroids, comets in the solar system in real time.
Imagine we also created a computer simulation of the whole solar system by using the tracking data we have.
That would allow us to predict both short and long term changes in the solar system.
We could see what would happen if we changed the orbit of a large asteroid/comet and made it collide with Mars.
Imagine we started choosing larger and larger asteroids/comets and sent lots of probes to them.
Those probes later attached themselves to their target objects and started slowly changing their orbits
so that eventually each would enter into a collision course with Mars.
If we could do that then overtime we could increase mass of Mars and maybe even bring it closer to sun.
(Comets would also provide lots of water for Mars.)
(I think it should be possible to simulate today, one by one changing orbits of asteroids/comets and colliding them with Mars
and watch how it would effect the stability of solar system in short/long term.)
Not just for Mars, but for all kinds of human space exploration activities there is still one more critical tech needed.
A true oxygen generator.
Keep carrying tons of water or other chemicals to space just to generate oxygen for people cannot be practical for long term.
There is a huge need for a device that can filter CO2 from air, separate it into oxygen and carbon, release back oxygen to the air
and by using only electricity, nothing else.
Virtual Lens For Astronomy
Modern astronomy started with telescope lenses made of glass.
The lenses got bigger and bigger until limits of the tech was reached.
Later mirrors took over and today their technological limits approaching.
That means building new astronomical observatories with bigger mirrors becoming too expensive/hard.
But what if lenses have more to give to astronomy?
What if there was a way to combine the powers of biggest mirrors with biggest lenses?
I think it is possible to change the refraction index of air with (infrared?) lasers and/or ultrasound.
Imagine a laser scanner that scans the air in front of an astronomical telescope
or a big (phased) array of ultrasound emitters
and both/either of which creates a giant virtual lens in the air in front of the telescope.
(Imagine, by doing adjustments, the focal length/point of the virtual lens can be adjusted as needed.)
The lenses got bigger and bigger until limits of the tech was reached.
Later mirrors took over and today their technological limits approaching.
That means building new astronomical observatories with bigger mirrors becoming too expensive/hard.
But what if lenses have more to give to astronomy?
What if there was a way to combine the powers of biggest mirrors with biggest lenses?
I think it is possible to change the refraction index of air with (infrared?) lasers and/or ultrasound.
Imagine a laser scanner that scans the air in front of an astronomical telescope
or a big (phased) array of ultrasound emitters
and both/either of which creates a giant virtual lens in the air in front of the telescope.
(Imagine, by doing adjustments, the focal length/point of the virtual lens can be adjusted as needed.)
20170106
The Ultimate Weapon Against Terrorism
Probably the best solution for terrorism is education but is it always doable practically?
Then what would be the next best thing?
I think the answer would be a near perfect lie detection system.
Imagine that whenever any operative or associate of any terrorist organization got into custody
he/she easily tells everything and answers all questions truthfully.
Wouldn't that be an immense help for law enforcement people?
Then the question is if a near perfect lie detection system really possible or not?
I think the answer must be yes with technology of today.
The main tech of today that can help is AI.
Today AI systems are getting even better than human experts for analyzing all kinds of data, text, image, video.
What needs to be done is to use as many different sensors as possible (heart rate, EEG, speech (voice stress), even brain scans,...)
and train an advanced deep learning AI system to detect lying.
Of course if it succeeds and nobody can find a way to beat it then all subjects would try to stay silent.
But I believe that problem maybe solvable using so called "Truth Serum" chemicals which makes a person talkative.
Then what would be the next best thing?
I think the answer would be a near perfect lie detection system.
Imagine that whenever any operative or associate of any terrorist organization got into custody
he/she easily tells everything and answers all questions truthfully.
Wouldn't that be an immense help for law enforcement people?
Then the question is if a near perfect lie detection system really possible or not?
I think the answer must be yes with technology of today.
The main tech of today that can help is AI.
Today AI systems are getting even better than human experts for analyzing all kinds of data, text, image, video.
What needs to be done is to use as many different sensors as possible (heart rate, EEG, speech (voice stress), even brain scans,...)
and train an advanced deep learning AI system to detect lying.
Of course if it succeeds and nobody can find a way to beat it then all subjects would try to stay silent.
But I believe that problem maybe solvable using so called "Truth Serum" chemicals which makes a person talkative.
A More Democratic Voting System For United Nations
The problem with UN is its Security Council.
It has permanent member countries that can veto any UN decision even if all other countries in the world voted in favor of it.
Is this really democratic enough?
If not then what would be the best way?
Clearly the fundamental feature of democracy is majority rule.
So one possible improvement would be to make Security Council use majority rule.
(But Security Council having permanent members still would be a problem for democracy.)
I think the best solution would be to get rid of Security Council.
But that by itself would cause a big problem.
Because big powerful countries in the world having the same voting power with small countries would not be fair really.
The solution is to give a weight to the vote of each country. But how?
Calculating the weights (each year) based on military power would lead to a global arms race.
Which would be really bad for the world.
Calculating the weights based on population would lead to a population race which would be also bad for the world.
Then clearly the vote weights must be based on "more the merrier" kind of indicators/statistics about a country like economic power (including distribution of wealth), scientific/technological power.
Even education and/or healthcare quality/distribution can be added to the weight calculation formula.
It has permanent member countries that can veto any UN decision even if all other countries in the world voted in favor of it.
Is this really democratic enough?
If not then what would be the best way?
Clearly the fundamental feature of democracy is majority rule.
So one possible improvement would be to make Security Council use majority rule.
(But Security Council having permanent members still would be a problem for democracy.)
I think the best solution would be to get rid of Security Council.
But that by itself would cause a big problem.
Because big powerful countries in the world having the same voting power with small countries would not be fair really.
The solution is to give a weight to the vote of each country. But how?
Calculating the weights (each year) based on military power would lead to a global arms race.
Which would be really bad for the world.
Calculating the weights based on population would lead to a population race which would be also bad for the world.
Then clearly the vote weights must be based on "more the merrier" kind of indicators/statistics about a country like economic power (including distribution of wealth), scientific/technological power.
Even education and/or healthcare quality/distribution can be added to the weight calculation formula.
A Better Alternative To Nobel Prizes
The Nobel Prize Organization provided really great service to science
but it clearly has shortcomings and considering the importance of the work for humanity,
we need a better system/organization.
What are its shortcomings?
1) Very few fields of science get rewarded.
(There are other prizes besides Nobel which reward accomplishments in other fields of science
but they don't bring the same level of rewards/recognition to the recipients.)
2) There are always many great accomplishments in science that never get the chance to be rewarded.
Humanity is always rewarding its stars in movies, TV, music, sports, politics and so on
much more effectively compared to science, even though science makes the greatest contribution to
quality of life and progress of human civilization.
Then what would be the best way to reward great accomplishments in science?
Imagine a new international reward organization under United Nations.
Imagine every year all countries in the world donate any amount they like to this reward organization.
(There maybe a certain minimum amount for each country based on its economic power.)
Imagine every year this organization rewards great accomplishments in many branches of science
(which branches to reward could be decided/changed each year).
Imagine it also rewards single/multiple different accomplishments (instead of only rewarding a single accomplishment) in the same branch of science each year (depending on available candidates and budgets). (Like for example imagine last year 2 accomplishments in physics got the rewards and this year 5.)
but it clearly has shortcomings and considering the importance of the work for humanity,
we need a better system/organization.
What are its shortcomings?
1) Very few fields of science get rewarded.
(There are other prizes besides Nobel which reward accomplishments in other fields of science
but they don't bring the same level of rewards/recognition to the recipients.)
2) There are always many great accomplishments in science that never get the chance to be rewarded.
Humanity is always rewarding its stars in movies, TV, music, sports, politics and so on
much more effectively compared to science, even though science makes the greatest contribution to
quality of life and progress of human civilization.
Then what would be the best way to reward great accomplishments in science?
Imagine a new international reward organization under United Nations.
Imagine every year all countries in the world donate any amount they like to this reward organization.
(There maybe a certain minimum amount for each country based on its economic power.)
Imagine every year this organization rewards great accomplishments in many branches of science
(which branches to reward could be decided/changed each year).
Imagine it also rewards single/multiple different accomplishments (instead of only rewarding a single accomplishment) in the same branch of science each year (depending on available candidates and budgets). (Like for example imagine last year 2 accomplishments in physics got the rewards and this year 5.)
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